Method and system for transmitting, receiving and collecting information related to a plurality of working components

ABSTRACT

A method and system for transmitting, receiving, and collecting information related to a plurality of working components, such as street lamps, allows for efficient and effective monitoring and controlling of working components through short-distance radio communications at low power levels. In a preferred implementation of the present invention, a communications network includes a plurality of transceiver modules, each of which is secured and operably connected to a working component. These transceiver modules transmit and receive radio communications or “messages” representative of the status of the working component from one another in a controlled manner, with each message ultimately being directed to an area control module. At the area control module, the messages are collected and transferred to a network support server, which analyzes the information and data contained in such messages, and then transfers such information and data to control and display units through a computer network for review by end users. The control and display units further allow for control of the working components by initiating transmission of radio communications containing instructions or programming code to one or more particular transceiver modules.

This application claims priority from U.S. provisional application60/210,133 filed Jun. 7, 2000 and relates to a method and system fortransmitting, receiving, and collecting information related to aplurality of working components. The entire disclosure contained in U.S.provisional application No. 60/210,133, including the attachmentsthereto, is incorporated herein by this reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

For utilities, municipalities, or similar significant operationalentities, operation and maintenance of working components (e.g., lightfixtures, pumps, and other machinery) is a significant concern. Often,individuals or entities responsible for the operation and maintenance ofsuch working components are responsible for a vast number of unitsspread over a large area. Such individuals or entities may find itnecessary to, or may wish to operate and manage these working componentsfrom one or more remote locations, sending maintenance crews to theworking components only as certain events occur. Indeed, operation andmanagement from a single remote location is often the mostcost-effective manner in which to operate, verify, control, andconfigure working components.

One of the best examples of the need for remote operation and managementof working components can be found in the maintenance and operation ofexterior lighting. Extensive lighting systems are found not only on citystreets and highway interchanges, but also on college campuses, aroundcommercial and industrial centers, in public and private parks andamusement centers, and any other locations where the safety of peopleand property is a significant concern. Exorbitant amounts of monetaryand human resources are expended in operating and maintaining theselighting systems, many of which include light fixtures that are spreadover large geographical areas. Generally, operations and/or maintenancepersonnel must be physically present to verify the proper operation andfunction of the fixtures. However, primarily for safety reasons, it isimportant to ensure that these lighting systems are operational.

In the prior art, there are various systems and methods that have beendesigned to remotely monitor and control lighting systems. For example,U.S. Pat. No. 6,035,266 issued to Williams et al., and assigned to A.L.Air Data, Inc. of Los Angeles, Calif., describes one such prior artsystem and method. U.S. Pat. No. 6,035,266 (“the '266 patent”) isincorporated herein by this reference.

The '266 patent describes in detail the development of outdoor lightingsystems, specifically street lamps. As such, a common mercury-vaporstreet lamp is described in detail with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.Furthermore, the '266 patent recognizes that the operation andmaintenance of street lamps consists of two primary tasks: monitoringand control. As such, the system and method described and claimed in the'266 patent addresses these primary tasks. Specifically, the describedlamp monitoring and control system and method includes lamp monitoringand control units which are secured to each lamp in a monitored area.Each such lamp monitoring and control unit is comprised of a processingand sensing unit, a transmit (TX) unit, and a receive (RX) unit. Inpractice, the TX unit is used to transmit monitoring data, the RX unitis used to receive control information, and the processing and sensingunit carries out the switching or other operation of the lamp.

Signals transmitted from the lamp via the TX unit are received at a basestation which includes an antenna and receiving system, along with acomputing system. Signals received at the base station are passed to thecomputing system which processes the signals to extract data,specifically the identification of the particular lamp from which eachsignal was transmitted and data related to the operation and function ofthe particular lamp, i.e., the status of the lamp. In this regard,signal transmission is preferably accomplished through radio frequencytransmissions in the range of 218–219 MHz. Furthermore, the signals havea specific data packet format consisting of a start field, anidentification (“ID”) field, a status field, a data field, and a stopfield. The start field indicates the start of the data packet, the IDfield identifies the lamp from which the data packet was transmitted,the status field indicates the status of monitoring and control unit,the data field includes any data associated with the indicated status,and the stop field indicates the end of the data packet.

Similarly, U.S. Pat. No. 6,119,076, also issued to Williams et al., andassigned to A.L. Air Data, Inc. of Los Angeles, Calif., describes a unitand method for remotely monitoring and controlling outdoor lightingsystems. U.S. Pat. No. 6,119,076 (“the '076 patent”) is alsoincorporated herein by this reference. The '076 patent describes asystem very similar to that describes above with reference to the '266patent, the primary improvement described in the '076 patent being theincorporation of a sensing element in each lamp monitoring and controlunit to sense at least one lamp parameter.

Although U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,035,266 and 6,119,076 (collectively, the “A.L.Air Data Patents”) generally provide for remote monitoring and controlof street lamps in a lighting system, there are some significantproblems in implementation. First and foremost, the preferred systemsand methods of the A.L. Air Data Patents require that each lampmonitoring and control unit communicate directly with a base station,i.e., all transmitted signals must reach the base station directly. Assuch, signal transmission is accomplished through radio frequencytransmissions in the range of 218–219 MHz. This is a licensed frequencyband that is used for “Interactive Video and Data” and is thus labeledthe “IVDS” band. By operating in the IVDS band, transmission of dataover long distances can be accomplished. Such long-distancetransmission, however, involves significant power consumption in thelamp monitoring and control units, thereby creating a significantexpense.

Secondly, signals transmitted in the IVDS band may be blocked orinhibited by large objects, such as buildings. In this regard, the A.L.Air Data Patents contain no provision for alternate routing oftransmitted signals when such blocking occurs.

It is thus a paramount object of the present invention to provide animproved method and system for transmitting, receiving, and collectinginformation related to a plurality of working components, such a streetlamps, a method and system that overcomes the problems associated withprior art designs.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method andsystem for transmitting, receiving, and collecting information relatedto a plurality of working components that has an structure thatsubstantially reduces the distances over which radio communications aretransmitted, yet can be implemented over a large geographical area.

It is still a further object of the present invention to provide amethod and system for transmitting, receiving, and collectinginformation related to a plurality of working components that allows formultiple and alternative paths for radio communications.

It is still a further object of the present invention to substantiallyeliminate the necessity of periodic and/or random physical visits toworking components to verify their proper function and operation.

It is still a further object of the present invention to provideoperations and maintenance personnel with the information necessary todetect and correct a problem with a working component without thenecessity of multiple visits to determine the cause of a detectedproblem.

It is still a further object of the present invention to provideoperations and maintenance personnel with the precise location of aworking component that needs repair or attention.

It is still a further object of the present invention to efficientlydeploy operations and maintenance personnel to address maintenanceconcerns associated with a plurality of working components in aprioritized manner.

It is still a further object of the present invention to providecontinuous reporting of working component failure conditions.

It is still a further object of the present invention to provide forboth remote and programmable command and control of working components.

It is still a further object of the present invention to provide forremote monitoring and tracking of the performance of working componentsto gain an improved understanding of developing trends.

These and other objects and advantages of the present invention willbecome apparent upon a reading of the following description.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is a method and system for transmitting,receiving, and collecting information related to a plurality of workingcomponents, such as street lamps. A preferred implementation of themethod and system of the present invention is a communications networkhaving a three-tier structure. The first tier of the communicationsnetwork includes a plurality of transceiver modules, each of which issecured and operably connected to a working component, e.g., a streetlamp. These transceiver modules transmit and receive radiocommunications or “messages” representative of the status of the workingcomponent from one another in a controlled manner, with each messageultimately being directed to an area control module. The second tier ofthe communications network includes a network support server at acentral location, with the area control module transferring collectedmessages from the transceiver modules to the network support server. Thenetwork support server analyzes the information and data contained insuch messages. Finally, the third tier of the communications networkincludes one or more control and display units, such as a personalcomputer with an associated Internet browser. Information and dataanalyzed and compiled by the network support server is transferred tothe control and display units through the Internet or similar computernetwork for review by end users.

Furthermore, the network support server allows for control of theworking components by initiating transmission of radio communicationscontaining instructions or programming code to one or more particulartransceiver modules based on a predetermined schedule, or uponoccurrence of a specific event, such as a command initiated byoperations and/or maintenance personnel through the control and displayunits.

A communications network of this nature allows for efficient andeffective monitoring and control of working components throughshort-distance radio communications at low power levels. Importantly,transmission of messages from a particular transceiver module to thearea control module, or vice versa, is accomplished through a number ofintermediate transmissions through other transceiver modules. Thus, inthe event a path between a particular transceiver module and the controlmodule is not available, an alternate path can be configured between theparticular transceiver module and the area control module through othertransceiver modules, thereby ensuring reliable delivery of all messagesto and from the area control module.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a preferred implementation of the methodand system of the present invention—a communications network having athree-tier structure;

FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of a preferred transceiver modulein the preferred implementation of the method and system of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 depicts a standard street lamp or similar light fixture;

FIG. 4 is a functional block diagram of a preferred transceiver modulein the preferred implementation of the method and system of FIG. 1, inwhich said transceiver module used for the monitoring and control of astreet lamp or similar light fixture;

FIG. 5 is a functional block diagram of a preferred area control modulein the preferred implementation of the method and system of FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is a functional block diagram of a preferred network supportserver in the preferred implementation of the method and system of FIG.1;

FIG. 7 depicts a configuration of five individual transceiver modulesand a single area control module in accordance with the method andsystem of the present invention, and further illustrates thetransmission range of one of the transceiver modules;

FIG. 8 depicts the preferred path for transmissions from one transceivermodule to the area control module in the configuration of FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 depicts an alternate path for transmissions from one transceivermodule to the area control module in the configuration of FIG. 7;

FIG. 10 depicts an exemplary HOME SCREEN, as displayed in an Internetbrowser of a preferred control and display unit for the monitoring andcontrol of street lamps in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 11 depicts an exemplary NETWORK STATUS SCREEN, as displayed in anInternet browser of a preferred control and display unit for themonitoring and control of street lamps in accordance with the presentinvention; and

FIG. 12 depicts an exemplary FIXTURE MANAGER SCREEN as displayed in anInternet browser of a preferred control and display unit for themonitoring and control of street lamps in accordance with the presentinvention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION

The present invention is a method and system for transmitting,receiving, and collecting information related to a plurality of workingcomponents, such as street lamps.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a preferred implementation of the methodand system of the present invention—a communications network, generallyindicated by reference numeral 10, having a three-tier structure. Thefirst tier 10 a of the communications network 10 includes a plurality oftransceiver modules, generally indicated by reference numeral 12, eachof which is secured and operably connected to a working component, e.g.,a street lamp. For purposes of clarity in the description that follows,reference numeral 12 is used to indicate a plurality or 1 (cluster oftransceiver modules that comprise a network, where reference numeral 12′indicates a specific transceiver module in a network.

These transceiver modules 12 transmit and receive messages (i.e., radiocommunications) from one another in a controlled manner, with eachmessage ultimately being directed to an area control module 14. Theoperation and function of the transceiver modules 12 and the areacontrol module 14 is described in further detail below.

Also, although not shown in the Figures, transceiver modules 12 that arenot associated with any working component may also be incorporated intothe network 10 to serve as “repeaters,” bridging gaps in the network andensuring reliable delivery of all radio communications to and from thearea control module 14.

The second tier 10 b of the communications network 10 includes a networksupport server 16. The area control module 14 serves as a bridge fromthe first tier 10 a of the structure to the second tier 10 b as it linksthe transceiver modules 12 to the network support server 16,transferring messages originating from the transceiver modules 12 to thenetwork support server 16. The area control module 14 also governs thestructure of the communications network 10 and controls thetransmissions between the individual transceiver modules 12. The networksupport server 16 collects the messages from the transceiver modules 12through the area control module 14, and analyzes the information anddata contained in such messages. The network support server 16 thencompiles such information and data for subsequent review andpresentation to end users, such as operations and maintenance personnel.The network support server 16 further allows for control of the workingcomponents by initiating transmission of radio communications containinginstructions or programming code to one or more particular transceivermodules 12 based on a predetermined schedule, or upon occurrence of aspecific event, such as a command initiated by operations and/ormaintenance personnel.

It is important to recognize that, although FIG. 1 shows only a singlearea control module 14 for monitoring and controlling a small network 10of transceiver modules 12, in the monitor and control of a large numberof working components over a vast geographical area, multiple areacontrol modules 14 could be employed. In this regard, each area controlmodule 14 would be connected to the network support server 16 and wouldservice a particular cluster of transceiver modules 12.

Finally, the third tier 10 c of the communications network 10 includesone or more control and display units 18, such as a personal computerwith an associated Internet browser.

Information and data analyzed and compiled by the network support server16 is transferred to the control and display units through the Internetor similar computer network 17 for review by end users. Such end usersmay also interact through the control and display units, controllingspecific working components by issuing commands that cause the networksupport server 16 to transmit appropriate messages containinginstructions or programming code to the transceiver modules 12associated with the specific working components.

In general, a communications network 10 of this nature allows forefficient and effective monitoring and controlling of working componentsthrough short-distance radio communications at low power levels.Specifically, each of the transceiver modules 12 is within range of oneor more other transceiver modules 12, thus forming a “line of sight”network. (Although commonly used to describe radio communications, theterm “line-of-sight” is somewhat a misnomer as radio waves can passthrough many materials that obstruct light waves.) In other words, aparticular transceiver module 12′ can communicate (i.e., send andreceive radio communications) with other transceiver modules 12 withinits range, the ultimate goal being to propagate messages fromtransceiver module to transceiver module until they can be received atan area control module 14, which may be termed a “network access point.”In this regard, each and every transceiver module 12′ is aware of allits immediate neighbors and the most efficient path to the area controlmodule 14; thus, if a transceiver module 12′ receives a message from aneighbor, it is preprogrammed to make a determination of whether it liesin the most efficient path and thus whether or not to repeat/re-transmitthe message.

Through this method of communication, only low-powered andshort-distance radio communications are necessary to transmit messagesfrom a source to a destination, i.e., from the individual transceivermodules 12 to an area control module 14, or vice versa. Once messagesfrom the transceiver modules 12 reach the area control module 14, themessages can be forwarded to the network support server 16 forsubsequent analysis and display, as described above. Similarly, messagesmay be transmitted from the network support server 16 to the areacontrol module 14 and through intermediate transceiver modules 12 to oneor more specific transceiver modules 12.

FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of a preferred transceiver module12′ in accordance with the method and system of the present invention.As mentioned above, a transceiver module 12′ is secured and operablyconnected to a working component, thereby serving as a node in thecommunications network 10 depicted in FIG. 1. As shown in FIG. 2, inthis preferred embodiment, each transceiver module 12′ includes one ormore sensors 30 for sensing various parameters of the working componentto which it is secured. When the method and system of the presentinvention is implemented to monitor street lamps or similar lightfixtures, a preferred sensor 30 might measure current flow or voltage,or count the total number of hours that the bulb was burning, or countthe number of bulb strikes. Each transceiver module 12′ also includes aswitch component 32 for operational control of the working component.For example, in the control of street lamps or similar light fixtures,the switch component 32 would be used to turn a lamp on and off.

The sensors 30 and the switch component 32 are operably connected to amicrocontroller, generally indicated by reference numeral 34. Themicrocontroller 34 controls all operation and function of thetransceiver module 12′. In this regard, the microcontroller 34 iscomprised of four primary sub-components for coordinating and carryingout the operation and function of the transceiver module 12′: (1) aprogram controller 36; (2) a diagnostics processor 38, (3) a controllogic 40; and (4) a packet transfer controller 42. In this preferredembodiment, the microcontroller 34 is manufactured and distributed byPhilips Semiconductors of Sunnyvale, Calif., namely Model No. P89C668.This particular microcontroller 34 has a non-volatile 64-KB programmablememory and volatile random-access memory (RAM). This microcontroller 34further includes multiple input/output ports and clock/timer/eventcounters (which allow for time-sensitive functionality, such as messageholding, time-based pattern recognition, and various diagnostic andpolling operations).

Returning to the primary sub-components of the microcontroller 34, theprogram controller 36 is the nerve center of the microcontroller 34,executing embedded software code to coordinate and control all functionand operation of he transceiver module 12′, and acting as theintermediary between the other functional and operational sub-componentsof the microcontroller 34. For example, the program controller 36 can beprogrammed to initiate radio communications, specifically thetransmission of messages containing the identification, location, andstatus of the working component, on a predetermined schedule or uponoccurrence of a specific event. The program controller 36 can also beprogrammed to execute a control instruction (e.g., to turn the workingcomponent on or off), initiate diagnostic testing, or perform otheractivities based in response to the receipt of incoming messages.

Of course, to carry out the execution of such routines and subroutines,it is understood that standard programming languages and techniqueswould be used. With benefit of the foregoing description, suchprogramming is readily accomplished by one of ordinary skill in the art.

The embedded software code is stored and maintained in the non-volatilememory of the microcontroller 34, along with a unique identificationcode for the transceiver module 12′. Stored in the volatile memory istransient information and data communicated to the program controller 36through other functional and operational sub-components of themicrocontroller 34, as will be further described below. Lastly, althoughnot essential to the present invention, in some embodiments of thepresent invention, it is contemplated that the memory of themicrocontroller 34 would also store and maintain other relevantinformation, such as the location of the working components (e.g., GPScoordinates), a secure owner access code, the date that the transceivermodule was installed, the date that the working component was installed,and other information or data associated with the working component andrelevant to the maintenance and operation of the working component.

The diagnostics processor 38 is operably connected to and receivessignals from the one or more sensors 30 described above and serves as anintermediary between the sensors 30 and the program controller 36. Thediagnostics processor 38 is programmed to interpret and recognizefailure patterns or other problems associated with the operation of theworking component based on signals from the one or more sensors 30.Specifically, signals from the sensors 30 (which are indicative of thecondition or status of various functional or operational parameters ofthe working component to which the transceiver module 12′ is secured)are passed the diagnostics processor 38, examined and interpreted, andthen passed to the program controller 36. Of course, the sensors 30 andgenerated signals are specific to the working component to which thetransceiver module 12′ is secured.

The control logic 40 is operably connected to the switch component 32and/or any other similar external actuators and serves as anintermediary between the switch component 32 or any other externalactuators and the program controller 36. The control logic 40 isprogrammable to react in response to a particular condition or eventreported by the diagnostics processor 38, or in response to a specificincoming message received through the RF transceiver 44 associated withthe transceiver module 12′, which will be further described below.

The fourth and final sub-component of the microcontroller 34 is thepacket transfer controller 42, which controls the propagation ofincoming messages received through the RF

transceiver 44, along with transmission of outgoing messages. The RFtransceiver 44 is a wireless radio transceiver with an associatedantenna 46 that is capable of sending and/or receiving a radiocommunication containing information and data about the identity andstatus of a working component. The RF transceiver 44 is capable ofreceiving radio communications from not only an area control module 14(as described above with reference to FIG. 1), but also from otherneighboring transceiver modules 12 within its range, the importance ofwhich will become clearer below. It is contemplated and preferred thatthe RF transceiver 44 associated with each transceiver module 12′ willoperate in the unlicensed radio spectrum, such as: (1) the 902 MHz to928 MHz frequency band, or (2) the 2.40 GHz to 2.48 GHz frequency band.These unlicensed frequency bands are designed for “Industrial,Scientific and Medical” use, and are thus labeled “ISM” bands.Furthermore, since the RF transceivers 44 associated with eachtransceiver module 12′ are to be operated at very low power levels,e.g., 10 mW to 500 mW, the RF transceivers 44 can operate after beingcertified by local communication regulations, and no furthergovernmental license or usage fees are required. Of course, ashortcoming of such low-powered RF transceivers 44 is their limitedrange, i.e., the transceivers 44 can only transmit and receive radiocommunications over distances of five to 1000 feet; however, thislimitation is overcome by the network structure of the presentinvention.

In this preferred embodiment, the RF transceiver 44 is manufactured anddistributed by RF Micro Devices, Inc. of Greensboro, N.C., namely ModelNo. RF2905. This particular RF transceiver 44 is low-powered transceiverdesigned to operate in the 902 MHz to 928 MHz ISM frequency band.Additionally, it is preferred that the transceiver 44 use FrequencyShift Keying (FSK) as its digital modulation format. In this regard, tosynchronize a receiving clock with a transmitter clock, the Manchesterencoding/decoding technique is preferably implemented in embeddedsoftware.

Returning to the fourth and final sub-component of the microcontroller34, the packet transfer controller 42 determines what happens to anincoming radio communication. Specifically, for any incoming radiocommunication (“message”), there are four options: (1)repeat/re-transmit the message if the message is being transmitted alonga designated path to or from an area control module 14, as will befurther described below; (2) discard the message if the message is notbeing transmitted along a designated path to or from an area controlmodule 14; (3) pass the message through to the program controller 36 ifthe particular receiving transceiver module 12′ is the intendeddestination of the message; or (4) hold the message if the message isbeing transmitted along a designated path to or from an area controlmodule 14, but the RF transceiver 44 is currently not available torepeat/re-transmit the message.

With respect to “holding” a message, it should be understood that the RFtransceiver 44 can either transmit a message or receive a message, butcan not generally perform both functions simultaneously. Furthermore, ifone of the RF transceivers 44 associated with a transceiver module 12′in a specific network is transmitting, it is preferred that allneighboring transceiver modules 12 within its range remain silent so asto avoid interference among transmissions. Therefore, if the packettransfer controller 42 has received a message, determined it is torepeat/re-transmit the message, but has been ordered to remain silent,it holds the message in a buffer (volatile memory) until it haspermission to transmit again.

Furthermore, assuming that a particular incoming radio communicationneeds to be transmitted to multiple transceiver modules 12, it ispossible that the radio communication will be bothrepeated/re-transmitted and passed the message through to the programcontroller.

Of course, the packet transfer controller 42 also controls thetransmission of outgoing radio communications initiated by the programcontroller 36.

As described above, a preferred transceiver module 12′ in accordancewith the method and system of the present invention thus serves as annode in the communications network 10 depicted in FIG. 1, monitoring andcontrolling the working component to which it is secured. Sensors 30associated with the transceiver module 12′ sense or measure variousparameters of the working component, communicating such diagnosticassessments, measurements and status indications to the programcontroller 36 through the control logic 40. Based on such measurementsor status indications, the program controller 36 can (1) operateswitches 32 or other external actuators to control the function of theworking component; (2) transmit a message containing information anddata associated with the measurements or status indications through thepacket transfer controller 42 and the RF transceiver 44 and associatedantenna 46; or (3) do nothing. Also, based on messages received throughthe RF transceiver 44 that are communicated to the program controller 36through the packet transfer controller 42, the program controller 36 canoperate switches 32 or other external actuators to control the functionof the working component. Finally, the transceiver module 12′ canfunction simply as a relay station, repeating and re-transmittingmessages received from neighboring transceiver modules 12.

It is important to recognize that since such a transceiver module 12′needs to be secured to each working component in a network or area to bemonitored, it is important that assembly costs and expenses beminimized. In other words, for purposes of reducing equipment andimplementation costs, resource requirements should be minimized where alarge number of units is required. Specifically, it is important tominimize the costs of the transceiver modules 12 since such atransceiver module 12 must be secured to each and every workingcomponent in the network. In this regard, as should be clear from theforegoing description, the microcontroller 34 associated with eachtransceiver module 12′ has only limited memory capacity and requiresminimal power consumption. All information and data is stored involatile memory until successful transmission, thereby minimizing thenecessary storage requirements. And, because of the short-distance radiocommunications, only minimal power is consumed. Resources are thenconcentrated in the area control modules 14 and the network supportserver (i.e. the second tier 10 b of the network 10 depicted in FIG. 1),which are discussed in further detail below.

FIG. 3 depicts a standard street lamp or similar light fixture 60 withan associated ballast 62. The street lamp 60 is powered by ahigh-voltage AC current, a photocontrol socket 64 being operablyconnected to a high-voltage AC power supply 70. Specifically, there isneutral line 72 and a hot line 76 from the AC power supply 70. Onebranch of the neutral line 72′ extends between the AC power supply 70and the photocontrol socket 64, and a second branch of the neutral line72″ extends between the AC power supply 70 and the lamp 60 andassociated ballast. The hot line 76 extends between the AC power supply70 and the photocontrol socket 64, and there is a switched hot line 78between the photocontrol socket 64 and the lamp 60 and associatedballast 62. Seated in the photocontrol socket 64 is a photocontroller 66which effectively turns the street lamp 60 on and off in response tolight through energizing or de-energizing the switched hot line 78.

FIG. 4 is a functional block diagram of a preferred transceiver module12 a′ in accordance with the method and system of the present invention,wherein said transceiver module 12 a′ is implemented for the monitoringand control of a street lamp 60 a, similar to that depicted in FIG. 3.As shown in FIG. 4, the transceiver module 12 a′ is interposed betweenthe photocontrol socket 64 a and the seated photocontroller 66 a. Inthis manner, the transceiver module 12 a′ of the present invention canbe incorporated into existing street lamps without impacting orinterfering with the operation and function of existingphotocontrollers. Moreover, as further described below, in thisconfiguration, the transceiver module 12 a′ can diagnose properoperation of the photocontroller 66 a.

Again, in this preferred embodiment, the transceiver module 12 a′ isdesigned for the monitoring and control of a street lamp 60 a and thusincludes: (1) a current sensor 30 a; (2) a photo sensor 30 b; (3) afirst voltage sensor 30 c; and (4) a second voltage sensor 30 d, each ofwhich will be further described below. The use of these sensors allowsfor a determination and measurement of data such as: total hours burningsince installation; number of strikes since installation; total hoursballast running since installation; current line voltage measurement;average line voltage; minimum line voltage; cycling of the lamp; andmaximum line voltage.

The preferred transceiver module 12 a′ also includes a switch component32 a for operational control of the lamp 60 a.

As with the transceiver module 12′ described above with reference toFIG. 2, the sensors 30 a-d and the switch component 32 a of thepreferred transceiver module 12 a′ for street lamp monitoring andcontrol are operably connected to a microcontroller 34 a. Themicrocontroller 34 a controls all operation and function of thetransceiver module 12 a′ and is comprised of four primary sub-componentsfor carrying out the operation and function of the transceiver module 12a′: (1) a program controller 36 a; (2) a diagnostics processor 38 a, (3)a control logic 40 a; and (4) a packet transfer controller 42 a. Theoperation and function of each of these sub-components was describedabove with reference to FIG. 2, and this preferred transceiver module 12a′ thus serves as an node in the communications network linking aplurality of street lamps for centralized monitoring and control.

Again, the street lamp 60 a is powered by a high-voltage AC current,and, as with the street lamp of FIG. 3, there is neutral line 72 a and ahot line 76 a from an AC power supply 70 a. One branch of the neutralline 72 a′ extends between the AC power supply 70 a and the photocontrolsocket 64 a, and a second branch of the neutral line 72 a″ extendsbetween the AC power supply 70 a and the lamp 60 a and associatedballast 62 a. The hot line 76 a extends between the AC power supply 70 aand the photocontrol socket 64 a, and there is a switched hot line 78 abetween the photocontrol socket 64 a and the lamp 60 a and associatedballast 62 a.

With the transceiver module 12 a′ interposed between the photocontrolsocket 64 a and the seated photocontroller 66 a, the transceiver module14 is operably connected to the neutral line 72 a, the hot line 76 a,and the switched hot line 78 a.

First, a first branch of the neutral line 72 b′ and a first branch ofthe switched hot line 78 b′ extend from the photocontrol socket 64 a toa transformer 80 a. This transformer 80 a outputs a low voltage currentfor supplying power to the microcontroller 34 a and RF transceiver 44 a.Furthermore, a voltage sensor 30 c is operably connected to the firstbranch of the neutral line 72 b′ and the first branch of the switchedhot line 78 b′ to measure the voltage between the photocontrol socket 64a and the transformer 80 a, data that is communicated to the diagnosticsprocessor 38 a and subsequently passed to the program controller 36 a.

Secondly, a second branch of the neutral line 72 b″ and a second branchof the switched hot line 78 b″ extend from the photocontrol socket 64 ato the photocontroller 66 a. In this regard, as indicated in FIG. 4,since the transceiver module 12 a′ of the present invention is adaptedto be received by and operably connected to the photocontrol socket 64 aof a standard street lamp 60 a, the transceiver module 12 a′ itselfincludes a second, analogous photocontrol socket 64 b for receiving thephotocontroller 66 a. In its path to the second photocontrol socket 64b, the second branch of the switched hot line 78 a″ passes through theswitch 32 a, which is operably connected and controlled by the controllogic 40 a of the microcontroller 34 a; and through the current sensor30 a, the current measurement data being communicated to the diagnosticsprocessor 38 a and subsequently passed to the program controller 36 a.

Thirdly, the sole branch of the hot line 76 b′ extends from thephotocontrol socket 64 a to second photocontrol socket 64 b. In its pathto the second photocontrol socket 64 b, this branch of the hot line 76a′ passes through the second voltage sensor 30 d, which measures thevoltage between the photocontrol socket 64 a and the second photocontrolsocket 64 b, the voltage measurement data being communicated to thediagnostics processor 38 a and subsequently passed to the programcontroller 36 a. Specifically, such voltage measurement data, inconjunction with clock information from the microcontroller 34 a,provides confirmation of the proper operation of the photocontroller 66.

As described above with reference to FIG. 2, each transceiver module 12a′ has only limited memory capacity and requires minimal powerconsumption. Specifically, all information and data is stored involatile memory until successful transmission, thereby minimizing thenecessary storage requirements. And, because of the short-distance radiocommunications, only minimal power is consumed.

FIG. 5 is a functional block diagram of a preferred area control module14 in accordance with the method and system of the present invention.

The area control module 14 acts as a “network access point” for anetwork 10 of transceiver modules 12, as depicted in FIG. 1. Asmentioned above, each of the transceiver modules 12 can communicate(i.e., send and receive radio communications) with other transceivermodules 12 within its area, the ultimate goal being to propagatemessages from transceiver module to transceiver module until they can bereceived at an area control module 14. Of course, messages can also betransferred from a control 14 module to a specific transceiver module12′ through the network as well. In either event, the area controlmodule 14 exchanges messages between the transceiver modules 12 and thenetwork support server 16.

Most importantly, the area control module 14 organizes and maintains thestructure and relationship of individual transceiver modules 12 withrespect to one another in the defined communications network 10.Specifically, through periodic polling of all transceiver modules 12 inthe territory of the area control module 14, the area control module 14examines the proper operation (response) of the transceiver modules 12by monitoring the paths through which messages from specific transceivermodules 12 are being received. Thus, if a new transceiver module 12′ isadded to the network 10, or removed from the network 10, the areacontrol module 14 can re-calculate the most efficient paths for messagesto and from each transceiver module 12′, and then transmit anappropriate message to the transceiver modules 12 defining the“designated paths” for messages it may receive from neighboringtransceiver modules 12. The packet transfer controllers 40 associatedwith each transceiver module 12 then know which messages to discard andwhich messages to repeat/re-transmit.

Of course, as mentioned above, FIG. 1 shows only a single area controlmodule 14 for monitoring and controlling a small network 10 oftransceiver modules 12. However, it should be clear that for monitoringand control of a large number of working components over a vastgeographical area, multiple area control modules 14 could be employed,each area control module 14 being connected to the network supportserver 16 and servicing a particular cluster of transceiver modules 12.In this regard, in this preferred embodiment, it is contemplated andpreferred that each area control module 12 would monitor and controlbetween 50 and 250 transceiver modules 12.

Returning to FIG. 5, a preferred area control module 14 in accordancewith the present invention includes: (1) a microprocessor 100; (2) amessage transport 102; and (3) an RF transceiver 104 and associatedantenna 106.

The microprocessor 100 coordinates and controls all operation andfunction of the area control module 14. As such, in this preferredembodiment, the microprocessor 100 is a single board, diskless embeddedcomputer based on the Intel x86 instruction set and architecture. Thismicroprocessor 100 preferably runs Windows CE(g, a real-time, 32-bit,embedded operating system with built-in communication capabilitiesdistributed by the Microsoft Corporation of Redmond, Wash.

The microprocessor 100 is comprised of four primary sub-components forcarrying out the operation and function of the area control module 14:(1) a program controller 106; (2) a packet transfer controller 108, (3)a network structure controller 110; and (4) a message concentrator 112.

Returning to the primary sub-components of the microprocessor 100, theprogram controller 106 executes embedded software code to coordinate andcontrol all function and operation of the area control module 14 andacting as the intermediary between the other functional and operationalsub-components of the microprocessor 100. For example, the programcontroller 106 can be programmed to initiate radio communications,specifically the transmission of messages to request the status of oneor more working components, on a predetermined scheduled or uponoccurrence of a specific event, such as a command from the networksupport server 16. The program controller 106 can also be programmed toinitiate diagnostic testing or other operational activities.

Of course, to carry out the execution of such routines and subroutines,it is understood that standard programming languages and techniqueswould be used. With benefit of the foregoing description, suchprogramming is readily accomplished by one of ordinary skill in the art.

The embedded software code is stored and maintained in the non-volatilememory of the microprocessor 100, whereas transient information and datacommunicated from the transceiver modules 12 for subsequent transmissionto the network support server 16 (as depicted in FIG. 1) is stored involatile memory. Lastly, it is contemplated and preferred that themicroprocessor 100 of the area control module 14 include a memorycomponent for storing such information as: the location of the areacontrol module (e.g., GPS coordinates), a secure owner access code, thedate that the area control module was installed, and other informationor data associated with the area control module.

The packet transfer controller 108 passes all incoming messages from thetransceiver modules 12 (as received through the RF transceiver 104 andassociated antenna 106) to the program controller 106, and, for outgoingmessages either (1) sends the message; or (2) holds the message.Specifically, the RF transceiver 104 can either transmit a message orreceive a message, but can not generally perform both functionssimultaneously. Therefore, if the packet transfer controller 102 iscurrently in a receiving mode, it holds the outgoing message in a buffer(volatile memory) until it has permission to transmit.

As for the RF transceiver 104 and associated antenna 106, as with thetransceiver module 12′ described above with reference to FIG. 2, thepreferred RF transceiver 104 is a wireless radio transceiver that iscapable of receiving a radio communication containing information anddata about the identity and status of a working component, and furthercapable of sending a radio communication for controlling a particularworking component. It is contemplated and preferred that the RFtransceiver 104 associated with the area control module 14 will operatein the unlicensed radio spectrum, such as: (1) the 902 MHz to 928 MHzfrequency band, or (2) the 2.40 GHz to 2.48 GHz frequency band. In thispreferred embodiment, the RF transceiver 104 is manufactured anddistributed by RF Micro Devices, Inc. of Greensboro, N.C., namely ModelNo. RF2905. This particular RF transceiver 104 is low-poweredtransceiver designed to operate in the 902 MHz to 928 MHz ISM frequencyband. Additionally, it is preferred that the transceiver 44 useFrequency Shift Keying (FSK) as its digital modulation format. In thisregard, to synchronize a receiving clock with a transmitter clock, theManchester encoding/decoding technique is preferably implemented inembedded software.

The network structure controller 110 is the sub-component of themicroprocessor 100 that organizes and maintains the structure andrelationship of individual transceiver modules 12 with respect to oneanother in order to form the communications network 10 (as depicted inFIG. 1). Specifically, the network structure controller 110 performs anynecessary re-configuration of the designated communications paths in thenetwork 10, and further maintains a databank containing the informationas to how to communicate with each transceiver module 12 in the network10 (as depicted in FIG. 1). In other words, for each transceiver module12′ in the network 10, the network structure controller 110 defines andmaintains the designated path for propagation of radio communicationsthrough other transceiver modules 12 and to the area control module 14,and vice versa This is accomplished through a periodic polling of alltransceiver modules 12 in the area of the area control module 14,examining the availability of and current configuration of thetransceiver modules 12. If one or more particular transceiver modules 12are not available, the network structure controller 110 determines analternate path for communication. In this regard, the preferred path isgenerally the path that requires the fewest number of intermediatetransmissions through other transceiver modules 12. Any suchreconfiguration of the designated paths is stored in the databankassociated with the network structure controller 110. The definition ofthe designated paths is further communicated to the affected transceivermodules 12 themselves so that the respective packet transfer controllers42 of the transceiver modules 12 can accurately determine whether to (1)repeat/re-transmit a message; (2) discard a message; (3) pass themessage through to the program controller.

Furthermore, if a new transceiver module 12′ is added to the cluster, itwill start signaling its presence. Because the signal is identified as“new,” it is propagated throughout the cluster of transceiver modules 12until it reaches the area control module 14. As part of the propagation,a count of the intermediate transmissions from one transceiver module 12to another is established, along with the relationship of the newtransceiver module 12′ to its neighbors. The network structurecontroller 110 of the microprocessor 100 recognizes the new transceivermodule 12′ and based on an analysis of the count of intermediatetransmissions and the relationship of the new transceiver module 12′ toits neighbors, the preferred or designated path is determined for thenew transceiver module 12′, generally the path that requires the fewestnumber of intermediate transmissions through other transceiver modules12. The definition of this new designated path is further communicatedto the transceiver module 12′ and other affected transceiver modules 12,and signals from the transceiver module 12′ are no longer designated as“new.”

The final sub-component of the microprocessor 100 is the messageconcentrator 112. The message concentrator 112 serves to ensureefficient and secure transfer of information and data from the areacontrol module 14 to the network support server 16 (as depicted inFIG. 1) through the above-mentioned message transport 102. In thisregard, the message transport 102 is typically an interface to acommercial, publicly available computer or communications network, suchas the Internet. However, other methods of communication could also beused with departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.Specifically, the message concentrator 112 collects incoming messages inan associated buffer, stringing messages together prior to transfer. Inthis manner, a few long messages can be transferred to the networksupport server 16, rather than multiple short messages. At the sametime, it is contemplated and preferred that the messages be encodedaccording to an encryption scheme. In this regard, it is furthercontemplated and preferred that the message concentrator 112 decodesmessages coming from the network support server 16 (as depicted in FIG.1).

In summary, the program controller 106 of the microprocessor 100executes embedded software code (stored and maintained in thenon-volatile memory) to coordinate and control all function andoperation of the area control module 14 and can be programmed toinitiate diagnostic testing or radio communications, specifically thetransmission of messages to request the status of one or more workingcomponents, on a predetermined scheduled or upon occurrence of aspecific event. The packet transfer controller 108 of the microprocessor100 passes all incoming messages from the transceiver modules 12 (asreceived through the RF transceiver 104 and associated antenna 106) tothe program controller 106, and also transmits outgoing messages. Thenetwork structure controller 110 of the microprocessor 100 organizes andmaintains the structure and relationship of individual transceivermodules 12 with respect to one another, and further performs anynecessary re-configuration of the designated communications paths.Lastly, the message concentrator 112 of the microprocessor 100 ensuresefficient and secure transfer of information and data from the areacontrol module 14 to the network support server 16 (as depicted inFIG. 1) through the message transport 102.

Thus, the area control module 14 in the implementation of the method andsystem of the present invention described herein provides the integralcommunications link between the individual transceiver modules 12 andthe network support server 16.

FIG. 6 is a functional block diagram of a preferred network supportserver 16 in accordance with the method and system of the presentinvention. As mentioned above with respect to FIG. 1, the networksupport server 16 collects the messages from the transceiver modules 12through one or more area control modules 14, and analyzes theinformation and data contained in such messages. The network supportserver 16 then compiles such information and data for subsequent reviewand presentation to end users, such as operations and maintenancepersonnel.

In this regard, the network support server 16 is preferably a standardcomputer server with a Linux® or similar high-performance operatingsystem that executes database management and information serviceapplications. In other words, the network support server 16 performs therequisite back-end tasks, centralizing storage of information and data,facilitating retrieval of such information and data, and responding torequests and commands from end users through the control and displayunits 18, as described above.

The network support server 16 comprises six primary sub-components forcarrying out its operation and function: (1) a program controller 120;(2) a message transport 122, (3) a message processor 124; (4) a databasemanagement system 126; (5) a data analysis and reporting component 130;and (6) a data presentation interface 132.

The program controller 120 executes application software code (stored inthe memory of the network support server 16) to control all function andoperation of the network support server 16 and acts as the intermediarybetween the other functional and operational sub-components of thenetwork support server 16.

The message transport 122 cooperates and communicates with the messagetransport 102 associated with the area control module 14, as describedabove with reference to FIG. 5. Specifically, the message transport 122is typically an interface to a commercial, publicly available computeror communications network, such as the Internet, that allows for securetransmission of messages from one or more area control modules 14 to thenetwork server 16.

The message processor 124 decomposes messages from the one or more areacontrol modules 14 as received through the message transport 122, andfurther prepares messages to be communicated from the network supportserver 16 to the area control modules 14 through the message transport122.

The database management system 126 and associated database 128 providesfor the storage and maintenance of all information and data receivedfrom the transceiver modules 12 through the one or more area controlmodules 14. It is important to note that the architecture and design ofthis database 128 is not essential to the method and system of thepresent invention provided that the database can meet the necessarystorage and retrieval requirements. Various commercial software packagesand/or programming techniques could be used by those skilled in the artto develop this database without departing from the spirit and scope ofthe present invention.

Of further note, as mentioned above, through central storage andmaintenance of collected information and data, only minimal memorystorage is required for the transceiver modules 12 and area controlmodules 14, thereby significantly reducing the costs of the transceivermodules 12 and area control modules 14.

The data analysis and reporting component 130 of the network supportserver 16 is comprised of software applications that allow for moredetailed analysis of information and data. In the preferred embodimentdepicted in FIG. 6, the data analysis and reporting component 130 inintegrally and operably connected to a Geographic Information System(“GIS”) and a Computerized Maintenance Management System (“CMMS”).

A GIS is a visualization tool used for topographic analysis, developmentplanning, and decision modeling. A GIS displays spatial relationships,correlated to geographically referenced features, such as roads,buildings, rivers, and jurisdictional boundaries. In other words, a GISallows for the generation of dynamic, high-quality maps for theexploration of the interaction between places, people, and objects. Byintegrating a GIS with the method and system of the present invention,operations and maintenance personnel are provided with visualinformation that allows for more effective administration of workingcomponents. For example, with respect to the operation and maintenanceof a network of street lamps, operations and maintenance personnel willhave access to dynamic maps that show the location of the street lampsrelative to one another and to geographically referenced features. Thisallows for route optimization (for maintenance personnel) and minimizesthe time spent finding one or more working components.

A CMMS is commonly used manage the complex mix of resources (i.e.,personnel, time, and capital) needed to minimize disruptions caused byfailures of working components. A CMMS facilitates good maintenancepractices with an emphasis on proactive work planning and root causeanalysis. With a CMMS, maintenance activities are managed as anintegrated, essential part of ongoing operations, and the system becomesa source of measurements and metrics for continuous improvementprograms. By integrating a CMMS with the method and system of thepresent invention, further efficiencies are realized. Specifically, thediagnostics information collected through the method and system of thepresent invention broadens the capabilities of the CMMS throughcontinuous condition monitoring. Such continuous condition monitoringallows for the detection of operating characteristics that commonlyprecede failure of a working component. For example, if cycling isdetected in a street lamp through the method and system of the presentinvention, the street lamp can be automatically shut down, and the CMMScan be programmed to immediately generate a work order. Since cycling isintercepted before it causes damage to the internal components of thestreet lamp, the life of the street lamp is prolonged.

Finally, the data presentation interface 132 allows for review andpresentation of the collected information and data to end users, such asoperations and maintenance personnel. Specifically, it is preferred thatthe data presentation interface 132 facilitate transfer of the collectedinformation and data to a computer network, such as the Internet, suchthat end users can review the collected information and data through acontrol and display unit 18, such as a personal computer with anassociated Internet browser, as described above with reference to FIG.1.

For example, FIG. 10 depicts an exemplary HOME SCREEN 200, which isdisplayed in an Internet browser of a control and display unit 18. Inthis particular example, a network comprised of seven working components(i.e., fixtures) of an emergency lighting and phone system is beingmonitored. As shown, the HOME SCREEN 200 generally includes: (1) a map202 showing the location of the fixtures; (2) a table 204 summarizingthe fixtures; and (3) a menu bar 206.

Of course, the map 202 allows the end user to quickly review thelocation of the individual fixtures relative to one another and relativeto geographically referenced features, such as roads, buildings, rivers,and jurisdictional boundaries. Through color-coding or similartechniques, an end user may also be provided with prompt visualindication of the status of the fixtures.

The table 204 provides a summary of the fixtures, specifically (1) thedate that the information contained in the table 204 was updated; (2)the number of fixtures; (3) a description of the network of fixtures;and (4) identification of each component of the fixtures.

In this example, the menu bar 206 allows for access to various (1)diagnostic reports; (2) a fixture manager; and (3) a work order manager.The available diagnostic reports allow an end user to review theinformation and data collected from the fixtures. In this regard, FIG.11 depicts an exemplary NETWORK STATUS SCREEN 210, as displayed in anInternet browser of a control and display unit 18, a diagnostic reportthat is accessed through the menu bar 206. As shown, the NETWORK STATUSSCREEN 210 includes a table 212 identifying the location of eachfixture, the last fault reported, and the last received confirmation ofproper operation. In this example, for purposes of brevity and clarity,only two fixtures are displayed in the table 212. Of course, thisdiagnostic report displayed in FIG. 11 is but one example of numerousreports that could be generated from information and data collected froma network of fixtures or other working components.

Returning to the menu bar 206 of the HOME SCREEN 200 of FIG. 10, thefixture manager allows an end user to review information associated witha particular fixture, to make revisions to such information, and/or tocontrol the operation and function of the fixture. In this regard, FIG.12 depicts an exemplary FIXTURE MANAGER SCREEN 220 for a particularfixture as displayed in an Internet browser of a preferred control anddisplay unit 18. The FIXTURE MANAGER SCREEN 220 includes a table 222identifying (1) the location of the fixture; (2) the description of thefixture; (3) components of the fixture by manufacturer and model number;(4) component specifications; (5) subcomponents of the fixture bymanufacturer and model number; (6) subcomponent specifications; and (7)fixture modification history. Furthermore, and perhaps most importantly,the FIXTURE MANAGER SCREEN 220 includes a “Modify Information” button224 which allows an end user to modify the information contained in thetable 222. In certain embodiments, selection of the “Modify Information”button 224 or similar button may further allow for operational controlof the fixture.

Lastly, although not shown in the Figures, the menu bar 206 also allowsan end user to access a work order manager for generating or reviewingwork orders associated with the maintenance of the fixtures.

From the foregoing description, it should be clear that theimplementation of the method and system of the present invention asdescribed herein therefore allows for the monitoring and control ofworking components through low-powered, short-distance radiocommunications. As depicted in FIG. 1, each transceiver module 12 thatis secured to a working component in a particular network or area isaware of its immediate neighboring transceiver modules 12 and thedesignated (most efficient) path to the area control module 14, saidarea control module 14 subsequently transmitting the collected messagesto a network support server 16. Importantly, transmission of messagesfrom a particular transceiver module 12′ to the area control module 14is accomplished through a number of intermediate transmissions throughother transceiver modules 12. For further explanation of this networkstructure, reference is made to FIGS. 7–9.

FIG. 7 depicts five individual transceiver modules, respectivelyindicated by reference numerals 12-1, 12-2, 12-3, 12-4, and 12-5; and asingle area control module 14-1. Referring to transceiver module 12-4,messages transmitted from this transceiver module 12-4 could becommunicated to the area control module 14-1 through any of a number ofdifferent and distinct paths. As shown, in this configuration,transceiver module 12-4 can effectively transmit messages to transceivermodules 12-2 and 12-3. Of course, the preferred path to the area controlmodule 14-1 is the most efficient path, which is through transceivermodule 12-3, as indicated by arrows in FIG. 8.

However, in the event that transceiver module 12-3 in not functioningproperly, an alternate path can be configured from transceiver module12-4 to the area control module 14-1 through transceiver modules 12-2and 12-1, as indicated by the arrows in FIG. 9. Quite clearly, dependingon the number of transceiver modules 12 that comprise a particularnetwork, there are numerous paths that a particular message can takefrom the transceiver module from which it originates to the area controlmodule 14-1, thereby ensuring reliable delivery of all messages to thearea control module 14-1.

It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that modifications may bemade to the preferred embodiments described herein without departingfrom the spirit and scope of the present invention.

1. A method for communicating information related to a plurality ofworking components of a system monitored by a utility arranged in alocal cluster, and from each such working component to a centrallocation, comprising the steps of: attaching and operably connecting alow power transceiver module to each working component of the systemmonitored by a utility, said transceiver module including at least amicrocontroller and a radio transceiver; and positioning an area controlmodule in the vicinity of the plurality of working components in thelocal cluster, said area control module including at least amicroprocessor and a radio transceiver, and said area control modulebeing in communication with said central location; wherein each workingcomponent in the local cluster itself initiates determination of aninitial best path to the area control module without any prior knowledgeof the area control module, and wherein, upon occurrence of apredetermined event, the microcontroller associated with one of saidtransceiver modules initiating transmission of a message through theradio transceiver, said message containing the identification of and thestatus of the working component; the message being received by the radiotransceivers associated with one or more neighboring transceivermodules; each of said receiving transceiver modules making a decision asto whether to re-transmit said message based on a determination ofwhether the transceiver module is on the best path between thetransceiver module from which the message originated and the areacontrol module; re-transmission of the message continuing along saidbest path until the message is received at the area control module; andsaid area control module communicating said message to the centrallocation.
 2. A method as recited in claim 1, in which a control messagecontaining instructions can be initiated from the central location,communicated to the area control module for subsequent transmission toone or more intended transceiver modules, said area control moduletransmitting the message to one or more receiving transceiver moduleswithin its transmission range, each of the receiving transceiver modulesmaking a decision as to whether to re-transmit said message based on adetermination of whether the receiving transceiver module is on adesignated path between the area control module and the one or moreintended transceiver modules.
 3. A method as recited in claim 2, inwhich the one or more intended transceiver modules, upon receipt of thecontrol message, execute the instructions contained therein.
 4. A methodas recited in claim 3, in which each transceiver module further includesat least one actuation component for manipulating the operation of theworking component based on instructions contained in the controlmessage.
 5. A method as recited in claim 2, in which said predeterminedevent is the receipt of a control message.
 6. A method as recited inclaim 1, in which each transceiver module further includes one or moresensors for sensing various operational parameters representative of thestatus of the working component to which the transceiver module issecured, each such sensor communicating the status information to themicrocontroller of the transceiver module for interpretation by adiagnostics processor integral to the microcontroller and thensubsequent transmission through the radio transceiver.
 7. A method asrecited in claim 6, in which each transceiver module further includes atleast one actuation component for manipulating the operation of theworking component in response to the status information communicated tothe microcontroller from the one or more sensors.
 8. A method as recitedin claim 6, in which said predetermined event is the receipt of certainstatus information by the microcontroller.
 9. A method as recited inclaim 1, in which said predetermined event is a prompt based on apredetermined schedule.
 10. A method as recited in claim 1, in which themicrocontroller of each said transceiver module executes embedded codestored in an associated memory for coordinating function and control ofthe transceiver module.
 11. A method as recited in claim 10, in which aunique code is stored in the associated memory for identifying theparticular transceiver module.
 12. A method as recited in claim 10, inwhich information and data associated with the maintenance and operationof the working component is also stored in the associated memory.
 13. Amethod as recited in claim 1, in which the radio transceivers associatedwith each transceiver module operate in an unlicensed band.
 14. A methodas recited in claim 1, in which the radio transceivers associated witheach transceiver module operate at power levels no more than 500 mW. 15.A method as recited in claim 1, in which the microcontroller of thetransceiver module has an integral clock function.
 16. A method asrecited in claim 1, wherein the system monitored by the utilitycomprises a street lighting unit, a water, electric, or gas meter, or awater pump.
 17. A system for communicating information related to aplurality of working components of a system monitored by a utilityarranged in a local cluster, comprising: a plurality of low powertransceiver modules, each such transceiver module being secured andoperably connected to each working component of the system monitored bya utility, each such transceiver module including at least amicrocontroller and a radio transceiver; and at least one area controlmodule positioned in the vicinity of the plurality of transceivermodules in the local cluster, said area control module including atleast a microprocessor and a radio transceiver, wherein each workingcomponent in the local cluster itself initiates determination of aninitial best path to the area control module without any prior knowledgeof the area control module and itself dynamically initiates update ofthe best path to the area control module; a network support server incommunication with said area control module; and one or more display andcontrol units in communication with said network support server;wherein, upon occurrence of a predetermined event, the microcontrollerassociated with one of said transceiver modules initiating transmissionof a message through the radio transceiver, said message containing theidentification of and the status of the working component; the messagebeing received by the radio transceivers associated with one or moreneighboring transceiver modules; each of said receiving transceivermodules making a decision as to whether to re-transmit said messagebased on a determination of whether the transceiver module is on thebest path between the transceiver module from which the messageoriginated and the area control module; re-transmission of the messagecontinuing along said designated path until the message is received atthe area control module; said area control module communicating saidmessage to the network support server; and said network support serveranalyzing said message, and communicating the status informationcontained therein to the one or more display and control units forreview by an end user.
 18. A system as recited in claim 17, in which theend user can initiate a control message containing instructions throughthe display and control units, said message being communicated to thearea control module through the network support server for subsequenttransmission to one or more intended transceiver modules, said areacontrol module transmitting the message to one or more receivingtransceiver modules within its transmission range, each of the receivingtransceiver modules making a decision as to whether to re-transmit saidmessage based on a determination of whether the receiving transceivermodule is on the best path between the area control module and the oneor more intended transceiver modules.
 19. A system as recited in claim18, in which the one or more intended transceiver modules, upon receiptof the control message, execute the instructions contained therein. 20.A system as recited in claim 19, in which each transceiver modulefurther includes at least one actuation component for manipulating theoperation of the working component based on instructions contained inthe control message.
 21. A system as recited in claim 18, in which saidpredetermined event is the receipt of a control message.
 22. A system asrecited in claim 17, in which each transceiver module further includesone or more sensors for sensing various operational parametersrepresentative of the status of the working component to which it issecured, each such sensor communicating such status information to themicrocontroller of the transceiver module for interpretation by adiagnostics processor integral to the microcontroller and thensubsequent transmission through the radio transceiver.
 23. A system asrecited in claim 22, in which each transceiver module further includesat least one actuation component for manipulating the operation of theworking component in response to the status information communicated tothe microcontroller from the one or more sensors.
 24. A system asrecited in claim 22, in which said predetermined event is the receipt ofcertain status information by the microcontroller.
 25. A system asrecited in claim 17, in which said predetermined event is a prompt basedon a predetermined schedule.
 26. A system as recited in claim 17, inwhich the microcontroller of each said transceiver module executesembedded code stored in an associated memory for coordinating functionand control of the transceiver module.
 27. A system as recited in claim26, in which a unique code is stored in the associated memory foridentifying the particular transceiver module.
 28. A system as recitedin claim 26 in which information and data associated with themaintenance and operation of the working component is also stored in theassociated memory.
 29. A system as recited in claim 17, in which theradio transceivers associated with each transceiver module operate in anunlicensed band.
 30. A system as recited in claim 17, in which the radiotransceivers associated with each transceiver module operate at powerlevels no more than 500 mW.
 31. A system as recited in claim 17, whereinthe system monitored by the utility comprises a street lighting unit, awater, electric, or gas meter, or a water pump.
 32. A communicationsnetwork for the monitoring and control of a plurality of independentworking components of a system monitored by a utility arranged in alocal cluster, comprising: a plurality of low power transceiver modules,each such transceiver module being secured and operably connected to oneof said working components of the system monitored by a utility, eachsuch transceiver module including at least a microcontroller forcontrolling operation and function of the transceiver module, and aradio transceiver; at least one area control module positioned in thevicinity of the plurality of transceiver modules in the local cluster,said area control module including at least a microprocessor and a radiotransceiver, wherein each working component in the local cluster itselfinitiates determination of an initial best path to the area controlmodule without any prior knowledge of the area control module; a networksupport server in communication with said area control module; and oneor more display and control units in communication with said networksupport server; wherein a diagnostics message from one of saidtransceiver modules containing status information associated with theworking component to which said one transceiver module is secured is (a)transmitted through the radio transceiver associated with thetransceiver module, (b) received by one or more neighboring transceivermodules, (c) selectively re-transmitted by receiving transceiver modulesif determined to be on the best path until received by the area controlmodule, and (d) communicated to the network support server by the areacontrol module; said network support server analyzing said message, andcommunicating the status information contained therein to the one ormore display and control units for review by an end user.
 33. Acommunications network as recited in claim 32, wherein a control messageinitiated by the end user through one of the control and display units,and containing instructions for one or more intended transceivermodules, is (a) communicated to the network support server, (b)communicated from the network support server to the area control module,(c) transmitted by the area control module to one or more receivingtransceiver modules within its transmission range, (d) selectivelyre-transmitted by the receiving transceiver modules if determined to beon a designated path until received by the one or more intendedtransceiver modules; each of the intended transceiver modules, uponreceipt of the control message, executing the instructions containedtherein.
 34. A communication network as recited in claim 33, in whichthe control and display units are in communication with the networksupport server through an information network.
 35. A communicationnetwork as recited in claim 34, in which the information network is theInternet.
 36. A communications network as recited in claim 32, whereinthe system monitored by the utility comprises a street lighting unit, awater, electric, or gas meter, or a water pump.
 37. A method forcommunicating information related to a plurality of working componentsof system monitored by a utility arranged in a local cluster, from eachsuch working component to a network access point, comprising the stepsof: attaching and operably connecting a low power transceiver module toeach working component of the system monitored by a utility, saidtransceiver module including at least a microcontroller for controllingoperation and function of the transceiver module, and a radiotransceiver, wherein each working component in the local cluster itselfinitiates determination of an initial best path to the network accesspoint without any prior knowledge of the area control module; wherein,upon occurrence of a predetermined event, the microcontroller associatedwith one of said transceiver modules initiating transmission of amessage through the radio transceiver, said message containing theidentification of and the status of the working component; the messagebeing received by the radio transceivers associated with one or moreneighboring transceiver modules; each of said neighboring transceivermodules making a decision as to whether to re-transmit said messagebased on a determination of whether the transceiver module is on thebest path between the transceiver module from which the messageoriginated and the network access point; re-transmission of the messagecontinuing along said best path until the message is received at thenetwork access point.
 38. A method as recited in claim 37, in which acontrol message containing instructions can be transmitted from thenetwork access point to one or more intended transceiver modules bytransmitting the message to one or more receiving transceiver moduleswithin transmission range of the network access point, each of thereceiving transceiver modules making a decision as to whether tore-transmit said message based on a determination of whether thereceiving transceiver module is on a designated path between the networkaccess point and the one or more intended transceiver modules.
 39. Amethod as recited in claim 37, wherein the system monitored by theutility comprises a street lighting unit, a water, electric, or gasmeter, or a water pump.
 40. A method for communicating informationrelated to a plurality of working components of a system monitored by autility arranged in a local cluster from each such working component toa central location, comprising the steps of: attaching and operablyconnecting a transceiver module to each working component of the systemmonitored by a utility, said transceiver module including at least amicrocontroller and a radio transceiver operating at a power level of nomore than 500 mW; and positioning an area control module in the vicinityof the plurality of working components in the local cluster, said areacontrol module including at least a microprocessor and a radiotransceiver, and said area control module being in communication withsaid central location, wherein each working component in the localcluster itself initiates determination an initial best path to the areacontrol module without any prior knowledge of the area control module;wherein, upon occurrence of a predetermined event, the microcontrollerassociated with one of said transceiver modules initiating transmissionof a message through the radio transceiver, said message containing theidentification of and the status of the working component; the messagebeing received by the radio transceivers associated with one or moreneighboring transceiver modules; each of said receiving transceivermodules making a decision as to whether to re-transmit said messagebased on a determination of whether the transceiver module is on thebest path between the transceiver module from which the messageoriginated and the area control module; re-transmission of the messagecontinuing along said best path until the message is received at thearea control module; and said area control module communicating saidmessage to the central location.
 41. A method as recited in claim 40,wherein the system monitored by the utility comprises a street lightingunit, a water, electric, or gas meter, or a water pump.
 42. A method forcommunicating information related to a plurality of working componentsof a system monitored by a utility arranged in a local cluster, fromeach such working component to a central location, comprising the stepsof: attaching and operably connecting a low power transceiver module toeach working component of the system monitored by the utility, saidtransceiver module including at least a microcontroller and a radiotransceiver operating in the 902 MHz to 928 MHz frequency band or the2.40 GHz to 2.48 GHz frequency band; and positioning an area controlmodule in the vicinity of the plurality of working components in thelocal cluster, said area control module including at least amicroprocessor and a radio transceiver, and said area control modulebeing in communication with said central location, wherein each workingcomponent in the local cluster itself initiates determination of aninitial best path to the area control module without any prior knowledgeof the area control module; wherein, upon occurrence of a predeterminedevent, the microcontroller associated with one of said transceivermodules initiating transmission of a message through the radiotransceiver, said message containing the identification of and thestatus of the working component; the message being received by the radiotransceivers associated with one or more neighboring transceivermodules; each of said receiving transceiver modules making a decision asto whether to re-transmit said message based on a determination ofwhether the transceiver module is on the best path between thetransceiver module from which the message originated and the areacontrol module; re-transmission of the message continuing along saidbest path until the message is received at the area control module; andsaid area control module communicating said message to the centrallocation.
 43. A method as recited in claim 42, wherein the systemmonitored by the utility comprises a street lighting unit, a water,electric, or gas meter, or a water pump.